Advanced Surveying

Syllabus

1. Orientation (3 hours)
   1. Analytical intersection and resection
   2. Two points and three points resection and their significance
   3. Instruction on field application
2. Triangulation and Trilateration (7 hours)
   1. Concepts and terminology
   2. Accuracy of horizontal control systems
   3. Triangulation figures; Choice of figures; Triangulation procedure
   4. Angle and side conditions; Error propagation in triangulation; Strength of figure in triangulation; Base line
   5. Triangulation computations
   6. Trilateration
   7. Combined triangulation and trilateration
3. Curves (9 hours)
   1. Types of curve
   2. Simple circular curve
   3. Transition curve
   4. Vertical curve
   5. Compound and reverse curve
   6. Setting out of simple circular curve
   7. Setting out of transition curve
   8. Computation and staking of vertical curve
4. Mining Survey (7 hours)
   1. Concepts and terminology
   2. Design of horizontal control networks in underground mines
   3. Measuring depth of shaft
   4. Measuring vertical depth
   5. Mine orientation survey: Basic principle and classification
   6. Measuring cross section
   7. Gyroscopic methods of mine orientation
   8. Roles and responsibilities of mine surveyor
5. Hydrographic Survey (7 hours)
   1. Hydrographic survey and its application
   2. Sounding: Methods, equipment and location
   3. Reduction of sounding
   4. Plotting the sounding
   5. Accuracy of positions
   6. Depth determination
   7. Ship borne echo-sounding and mechanical methods, airborne laser and electromagnetic methods, related corrections
   8. Use of current meter and stream measurement
6. Construction Surveying (4 hours)
   1. Construction survey, importance and its application
   2. Equipment for setting out
   3. Horizontal and vertical control
   4. Setting out of a bridge
   5. Setting out of building and structures
   6. Staking out a highway
7. Areas and Volumes (8 hours)
   1. Method of measuring area of irregular boundaries (Mid ordinate, average ordinate, Simpson's rule)
   2. Area of closed traverse (Double meridian distance method, coordinates method)
   3. Volumes by cross section method (Average end area, mean area, trapezoidal rule, prismoidal formula)
   4. Volume from spot levels, contour plan
   5. Mass haul curve, use of mass diagram

Practicals

1. Prepare a computer program in C for corrections to field observations
2. Intersection and resection using theodolite, computation and plotting
3. Triangulation and trilateration field works using theodolite and total station
4. Discharge measurement of a stream
5. Setting out of curve
6. Computation of volume of earthwork of given alignment of a road