Building Technology

Syllabus

1. Introduction (2 hours)
   1. Built environment
   2. History of building technology and Nepalese buildings
   3. Classification of building based on occupancy, storey and height
   4. Loads on building
2. Functional Requirement of Building (5 hours)
   1. Orientation and planning of building (factors and site selection)
   2. Lighting and thermal performance (daylight, artificial lighting, heat phenomena, thermal comfort and thermal performance)
   3. Ventilation and air conditioning (functional requirement, natural and mechanical ventilation, air conditioning)
   4. Sound and acoustic (characteristics, types, common defect)
3. Sub-structure and Superstructure Works (6 hours)
   1. Sub-structure (Site exploration; foundation and its types; excavation of foundation on soft soil, hard rock, wetland and sloppy land; trenches for pipes and refiling works)
   2. Load bearing structure: Stone masonry (Rubble and ashlar), composite, hollow block, autoclaved aerated cement block and compressed stabilized earthen block masonry, cavity wall, concrete 3D printing; Wall finishes (Tools, methods and defects in plastering; pointing types; painting on wooden, metal and masonry surface)
   3. Frame Structure: Reinforced cement concrete structure (Precast and cast-in-situ construction; formwork for wall, slab, staircase, beam and column; slip formwork; shuttering for trenches; parapet wall); Steel Construction (Advantage and disadvantage, steel section, bolted and welded connection); Joint types (expansion, construction and seismic), location and sealing of joint
4. Building Components and Services (7 hours)
   1. Doors and windows (Location, shape, size, terminology and fixing process; types based on shutter and working mechanism; ventilators)
   2. Horizontal and vertical circulation (Corridors; ladder and its types; stair types and planning; lift and escalator; ramps)
   3. Flooring (Solid and suspended floor; flooring types)
   4. Roof (Terminology; types of pitched roof; roof covering)
   5. Building services: Plumbing (water distribution system, sanitary fittings, septic tank and soak pit); Electrification (wiring systems, lightening arrester and safety precaution)
5. Special Works on Building (7 hours)
   1. Shoring, scaffolding and underpinning
   2. Fire Protection (Fire resistant walls and columns, floors and roof, openings; fire extinguishing equipment)
   3. Moisture movement, damp proofing methods and materials
   4. Termite types and anti-termite treatment process
   5. Thermal insulation (Insulating material; insulation of roofs, exposed walls, door and windows)
   6. Sound insulation (Sound absorption and absorbents; insulating material; wall and floor insulation)
   7. Seismic safety requirements (Building configuration; size and location of openings; earthquake resisting elements)
   8. Repair and restrengthening (Structural and non-structural cracks; repair of cracks; retrofitting techniques for masonry and reinforced cement concrete structures)
   9. Demolition of structures (steps before demolition and methods)
6. Sustainable Building (3 hours)
   1. Concept and principles; rating system
   2. Sustainable building construction methods (techniques and strategies)