Electrical Machines

Syllabus

1. Magnetic Circuits and Induction
   1. Magnetic Circuits
   2. Ohm’s Law for Magnetic Circuits
   3. Series and Parallel magnetic circuits
   4. Core with air gap
   5. B-H relationship (Magnetization Characteristics)
   6. Hysteresis with DC and AC excitation
   7. Hysteresis Loss and Eddy Current Loss
   8. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, Statically and Dynamically Induced EMF
   9. Force on Current Carrying Conductor
2. Transformer
   1. Constructional Details, recent trends
   2. Working principle and EMF equation
   3. Ideal Transformer
   4. No load and load Operation
   5. Operation of Transformer with load
   6. Equivalent Circuits and Phasor Diagram
   7. Tests: Polarity Test, Open Circuit test, Short Circuit test and Equivalent Circuit Parameters
   8. Voltage Regulation
   9. Losses in a transformer
   10. Efficiency, condition for maximum efficiency and all day efficiency
   11. Instrument Transformers: Potential Transformer (PT) and Current Transformer (CT)
   12. Auto transformer: construction, working principle and Cu saving
   13. Three phase Transformers
3. DC Generator
   1. Constructional Details and Armature Winding
   2. Working principle and Commutator Action
   3. EMF equation
   4. Method of excitation: separately and self excited, Types of DC Generator
   5. Characteristics of series, shunt and compound generator
   6. Losses in DC generators
   7. Efficiency and Voltage Regulation
4. DC Motor
   1. Working principle and Torque equation
   2. Back EMF
   3. Method of excitation, Types of DC motor
   4. Performance Characteristics of D.C. motors
   5. Starting of D.C. Motors: 3 point and 4 point starters
   6. Speed control of D.C. motors: Field Control, Armature Control
   7. Losses and Efficiency
5. Three Phase Induction Machines
   1. Three Phase Induction Motor
      1. Constructional Details and Types
      2. Operating Principle, Rotating Magnetic Field, Synchronous Speed, Slip, Induced EMF, Rotor Current and its frequency, Torque Equation
      3. Torque-Slip characteristics
   2. Three Phase Induction Generator
      1. Working Principle, voltage build up in an Induction Generator
      2. Power Stages
6. Three Phase Synchronous Machines
   1. Three Phase Synchronous Generator
      1. Constructional Details, Armature Windings, Types of Rotor, Exciter
      2. Working Principle
      3. EMF equation, distribution factor, pitch factor
      4. Armature Reaction and its effects
      5. Alternator with load and its phasor diagram
   2. Three Phase Synchronous Motor
      1. Principle of operation
      2. Starting methods
      3. No load and Load operation, Phasor Diagram
      4. Effect of Excitation and power factor control
7. Fractional Kilowatt Motors
   1. Single phase Induction Motors: Construction and Characteristics
   2. Double Field Revolving Theory
   3. Split phase Induction Motor
      1. Capacitors start and run motor
      2. Reluctance start motor
   4. Alternating Current Series motor and Universal motor
   5. Special Purpose Machines: Stepper motor, Schrage motor and Servo motor