Engineering Drawing

Syllabus

1. Instrumental Drawing, Technical Lettering Practices and Techniques (1 hour)
   1. Equipment, materials and drawing sheets
   2. Description of drawing instruments, auxiliary equipment and drawing materials
   3. Techniques of instrumental drawing
   4. Pencil sharpening, securing paper, proper use of T-squares, triangles, scales, dividers, compasses, erasing shields, French curves, inking pens
   5. Line: types and uses, thickness
2. Dimensioning (1 hour)
   1. Fundamentals and techniques
   2. Size and location dimensioning, SI conversions
   3. Scales: types and representative factor
   4. Use of scales, measurement units, reducing and enlarging drawings
   5. Placement of dimensions: aligned and unidirectional, chain, parallel/baseline and combined type
   6. Tolerance dimensioning
3. Geometrical Construction (2 hours)
   1. Plane geometrical construction: proportional division of lines, trisection of angles, smooth arc and line tangents
   2. Methods for drawing regular polygons and standard curves such as ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas, involutes, spirals, cycloids and helices (cylindrical and conical), ogee curve
   3. Techniques to reproduce a given drawing (by construction)
4. Basic Descriptive Geometry (4 hours)
   1. Introduction to orthographic projection, principal planes, four quadrants or angles
   2. Projection of points on first, second, third and fourth quadrants
   3. Projection of lines: parallel to one of the principal planes, inclined to one and parallel to other, inclined to both principal planes, traces of a line
   4. Projection planes in various orientations relative to the principal planes
   5. True length of lines: horizontal, inclined and oblique lines
   6. Rules for parallel and perpendicular lines
   7. Point view or end view of a line
   8. Shortest distance from a point to a line
   9. Edge view and true shape of an oblique plane
   10. Angle between two intersecting lines; intersection of a line and a plane; angle between a line and a plane; dihedral angle between two planes; shortest distance between two skew lines; angle between two non-intersecting (skew) lines
5. Multi View (Orthographic) Projections (8 hours)
   1. Orthographic projections: first and third angle projection; principal views; orthographic drawings and visualizing objects from given views; interpretation of adjacent areas, true-length lines, representation of holes, conventional practices
   2. Sectional views: full, half, offset, broken (partial), rotated/aligned, revolved, removed (detail) sections, phantom of hidden section, specifying cutting planes, conventional practices
   3. Auxiliary views: basic concept and use, drawing methods and types, symmetrical and unilateral auxiliary views, auxiliary sectional views
6. Developments and Intersections (7 hours)
   1. Introduction and projection of solids with points transfer
   2. Developments: general concepts and practical considerations, triangulation method for approximate development of surfaces of right/oblique prism, cylinder, pyramid, cone; solids cut by oblique planes, frustum/truncated pyramid and cone, transition pieces, sphere
   3. Intersections: lines of intersection of geometric surfaces, piercing point of a line and a solid, intersection lines of two planes, intersections of prism and prism, cylinder and prism, cylinder and cylinder, pyramid and prism, cone and prism, pyramid and cylinder, cone and cylinder
7. Pictorial Drawings (7 hours)
   1. Classifications: advantages and disadvantages
   2. Isometric view: axonometric projection, isometric projection and drawing, isometric and non-isometric lines and surfaces, angles in isometric drawing, circles and circular arcs, irregular curves, isometric sectional views
   3. Oblique drawing: procedure, rules for placing objects, angles, circles and circular arcs
   4. Perspective projection: terms used, parallel and angular perspective, selection of station point, perspective projection of right prism and pyramid solid

Practicals

1. Drawing sheet layout, freehand lettering, scale, common graphical symbols, sketching of parallel lines, circles, dimensioning
2. Geometrical construction
3. Descriptive geometry I and II
4. Multiview drawings I and II
5. Multiview, sectional drawings and dimensioning
6. Auxiliary view, sectional drawings and dimensioning
7. Projection of regular geometrical solids with point transfer
8. Surface development of solids I and II
9. Intersection of solids
10. Isometric drawing I and II
11. Oblique drawing and perspective projection

Evaluation

Final exam questions cover all chapters. Approximate marks distribution (total 30 marks over 30 hours):

1. Chapters 1, 2 and 3: 3 marks
2. Chapter 4: 3 marks
3. Chapter 5: 9 marks
4. Chapter 6: 8 marks
5. Chapter 7: 7 marks