Engineering Survey I

Syllabus

1. Introduction (3 hours)
   1. Definition of surveying
   2. History of surveying
   3. Principle of surveying
   4. Classification of surveying
2. Distance Measurements (6 hours)
   1. Units and methods of linear measurements
   2. Significant figures and rounding of numbers
   3. Accessories for linear measurements
   4. Method of distance measurement on fairly level and sloping ground
   5. Types and sources of error, accuracy and precision
   6. Scales and its classification, plotting accuracy and factors selecting scale
3. Basic Surveying Techniques (3 hours)
   1. Introduction to chain surveying
   2. Principles, offsets and field booking of chain/offset surveying
   3. Principle, accessories and method of plane table surveying
   4. Advantages and disadvantages of plane table surveying
4. Compass Surveying (5 hours)
   1. Introduction
   2. Direction of line and meridian
   3. Bearing and types of bearing
   4. Calculation of angle and bearing
   5. Local attraction
   6. Compass traversing and calculation
   7. Plotting and graphical adjustment
   8. Sources of errors
5. Levelling (10 hours)
   1. Terms and definitions and importance of levelling
   2. Principle of levelling
   3. Types/Methods of levelling
   4. Equipment of levelling
   5. Temporary and permanent adjustment of level
   6. Two peg test
   7. Booking and calculation of reduced level
   8. Classification of levelling and criteria for different levelling
   9. Reciprocal levelling and precise levelling
   10. Calculation of fly levelling, loop levelling and adjustment
   11. Refraction and curvature correction
   12. Sources of errors in levelling
6. Modern Surveying Techniques (7 hours)
   1. Theodolite (definitions, construction, temporary adjustment, angle measurement methods, errors)
   2. Electronic Distance Measurement, EDM (classification, principles, errors)
   3. Total Station (introduction, features, data recording, applications)
7. Triangulation and Trilateration (3 hours)
   1. Principles of triangulation and trilateration
   2. Classification of triangulation and trilateration system
   3. Introduction to field application
8. Tacheometry (5 hours)
   1. Introduction, uses and importance
   2. Principle of optical distance measurement
   3. System of tacheometry: stadia; tangential for vertical staff and horizontal subtense bar
   4. Field problems and instructions
9. Plotting and Mapping (3 hours)
   1. Plotting of map, L-section, Cross section
   2. Plotting and mapping software
   3. Comparison of manual plotting and computerized plotting

Practicals

1. Horizontal, vertical and slope distance measurement
2. Compass traversing and detailing
3. Two peg test and fly levelling
4. Profile and cross section levelling
5. Horizontal and vertical angle measurement by directional method
6. Horizontal angle measurement by total station
7. Digital data recording and plotting