Definition and scope of engineering thermodynamics
Value of energy to society
Microscopic versus macroscopic viewpoint
Concepts and definitions: system, surroundings, boundary and universe; closed, open and isolated systems; thermodynamic properties (intensive, extensive and specific); thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic state; thermodynamic process, cyclic process, quasi-equilibrium process, reversible and irreversible process
Specific volume, pressure and pressure measurement devices, temperature and temperature measurement
Zeroth law of thermodynamics, equality of temperature
Energy and Energy Transfer (3 hours)
Energy and its meaning
Stored energy and transient energy; total energy
Energy transfer: heat transfer, work transfer
Expressions for displacement work transfer
Other examples of work: electrical work and mechanical forms of work
Properties of Common Substances (6 hours)
Pure substance and state postulate
Ideal gas and ideal gas relations
Two phase (liquid and vapor) systems: phase change processes (T-v, P-v and P-T diagrams); subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet mixture, critical point, quality, moisture content, saturated vapor and superheated vapor; properties of two-phase mixtures; compressibility factor
Development of property data: graphical data presentation (P-h, h-s and T-s diagrams) and tabular data presentation
First Law of Thermodynamics (6 hours)
First law of thermodynamics for control mass
First law for control mass undergoing cyclic process
Internal energy, enthalpy and specific heats
First law of thermodynamics for control volume
Control volume analysis: steady state analysis
Control volume steady state work and flow applications
Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of the second law and their equivalence
Carnot cycle and Carnot efficiency
Clausius inequality and entropy
Second law of thermodynamics for an isolated system
Entropy changes of ideal gases, liquids and solids from Gibbs equation
Concepts of change in entropy of control mass and control volume
Isentropic processes for ideal gases, liquids and solids
Isentropic efficiencies of steady state applications
Gas Power Cycles (8 hours)
Classification of cycles
Air standard assumptions
Brayton cycle: analysis of closed and open cycles; cycle with intercooling, reheating and regeneration; gas turbine power plant layout and components
Internal combustion cycles: operation of four strokes engine; air standard Otto cycle; air standard diesel cycle; Otto and diesel cycle comparison and mean effective pressure
Diesel power plant: essential components, plant layout, performance of I.C. engines
Vapor Power Cycles and Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycles (4 hours)
Rankine cycle: ideal and actual cycle, reheat cycle, regenerative cycle, essential components and layout of steam power plant
Vapor compression refrigeration cycle and its performance measurement
Heat Transfer (8 hours)
Basic concepts and modes of heat transfer
One dimensional steady state heat conduction through a plane wall
Radial steady state heat conduction through a hollow cylinder
Heat flow through composite structures: composite plane wall, multilayer tubes
Critical radius of insulation for cylinders
Electrical analogy for thermal resistance
Combined heat transfers and overall heat transfer coefficient for plane and composite wall and tube
Nature of convection; free and forced convection
Heat transfer from extended surfaces: fins, types of fins, fin equation, fin performance, fins effectiveness, proper length of fin
Heat radiation, Stefan's law, emissivity, absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity; black body, white body and gray body
Practicals
Temperature measurement using different types of thermometers
Experiment related to first law of thermodynamics
Heat pump: coefficient of performance of heat pump/refrigerator
Heat conduction: investigate Fourier's law of linear heat conduction
