Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineering

Syllabus

1. Introduction (8 hours)
   1. Basic concepts; Units and dimensions; Dimensional analysis, Dimensionless numbers
   2. Concept of fluids and fluid properties; Pressure concept, principles and techniques
   3. Fluid statics; Buoyancy; Manometers
   4. Surface tension and surface energy; The measurement of surface tension
   5. Wetting and contact angle; Forces due to curved surfaces
2. Basic Equations of Fluid Flow (8 hours)
   1. The general balance equation; The mass balance; Steady-state balances
   2. One-dimensional mass balance; Unsteady-state mass balance; Mass balance for mixtures
   3. The momentum balance; Some steady-state flow applications of the momentum balance
   4. Relative velocities; Starting and stopping flows
   5. The angular-momentum balance; Rotating systems
3. The Boundary Layer (6 hours)
   1. Prandtl''s boundary layer equations; Boundary layers on a flat plate parallel to the flow
   2. Turbulent boundary layers; Separations
   3. Turbulent flow in pipes
4. Bernoulli''s Equation (8 hours)
   1. The energy balance for a steady, incompressible flow
   2. The friction-heating term
   3. Zero flow
   4. The head form of Bernoulli''s equation
   5. Bernoulli''s equation for gases; Bernoulli''s equation for unsteady flows; Limitation of Bernoulli''s theorem
   6. Torricelli''s equation and its variants
   7. Diffusers and sudden expansions; Fluid-flow measuring devices
5. Fluid Friction in Steady (One-dimensional Flow) (8 hours)
   1. The history of potential flow and boundary layer
   2. Laminar flow; Turbulent flow; Streamlines
   3. Stream function and losses
   4. Fluid friction in 1-D flow in non-circular channels
   5. Economic pipe diameter, economic velocity
   6. Flow around a cylinder and submerged objects
6. Pumps and Compressors (12 hours)
   1. General relations for all pumps, and compressors
   2. Positive-displacement pumps and compressors
   3. Centrifugal pumps and compressors
   4. Axial flow pumps and compressors
   5. Pump and compressor efficiencies and stability
   6. Regenerative pumps; Selection of pumps; Cavitation
7. Flow Through Porous Media (4 hours)
   1. Fluidization
   2. Fluid friction in porous media
   3. Two-fluid co-current flow in porous media
   4. Countercurrent flow in porous media
8. Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Fluid Mechanics (4 hours)
   1. Mass balances for multidimensional flows
   2. Momentum balances for multidimensional flows
   3. Navier-Stokes equations
9. Mixing (2 hours)
   1. Types of mixing problems
   2. The role of turbulence and molecular diffusion
   3. Mixing in stirred tanks and pipe flow

Practicals

1. To find pressure drop through valves, determine head loss for pipes.
2. To investigate the validity of the Bernoulli equation when applied to the steady flow of water in a converging or a diverging duct
3. Fluid visualization through different arrangements
4. Determine the co-efficient of discharge with outflow under constant and varying discharge
5. Study characteristics of pumps