Fluid Mechanics

Syllabus

1. Fundamental Concepts of Fluids (8 hours)
   1. Definition and characteristics of fluid; liquid vs. gases distinction
   2. Thermodynamic system, control volume, continuum concept
   3. Basic fluid properties: density, specific weight, specific gravity, cavitation, vapor pressure, surface tension, capillarity, viscosity
   4. Isothermal and adiabatic compressibility
   5. Liquid-vapor phase transition
   6. Fluid pressure types, pressure head, Pascal law, hydrostatic law
   7. Pressure measurement: Manometers (piezometer, U-tube, micro manometers)
2. Fluid Statics (10 hours)
   1. Hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surfaces
   2. Total pressure and centre of pressure calculations
   3. Pressure diagrams and forces on gates/dams
   4. Buoyancy and Archimedes principle
   5. Equilibrium conditions for submerged/floating bodies
   6. Metacenter and metacentric height determination
   7. Liquid in relative equilibrium under various accelerations
3. Fluid Flow Kinematics (8 hours)
   1. Lagrangian and Eulerian concepts; flow classification
   2. Streamlines, streak lines, path lines
   3. Stream tube and stream functions
   4. Continuity equation (Cartesian and polar coordinates)
   5. Discharge and mean velocity
4. Fluid Dynamics (6 hours)
   1. Forces on fluids in motion
   2. Reynolds number and Navier-Stokes equations
   3. Euler's equation of motion
   4. Bernoulli's equation and applications
   5. Momentum equations
5. Application of Energy and Momentum Equation (12 hours)
   1. Flow measurement: Venturi-meter, orifice meter, nozzle meter, Pitot tube
   2. Flow through orifices and hydraulic coefficients
   3. Flow over notches and weirs
   4. Jet forces on plates and vanes
   5. Forces on pipe bends
6. Dimensional Analysis and Physical Modelling (8 hours)
   1. Dimensional analysis methods: Rayleigh's method, Buckingham's pi theorem
   2. Physical modelling and similarities
   3. Model laws (Reynolds, Froude)
7. Flow Through Submerged Body and Boundary Layer Theory (8 hours)
   1. Boundary layer description and thickness
   2. Laminar and turbulent boundary layers
   3. Friction drag and flow separation
   4. Drag and lift concepts
   5. Applications to cylinders and flat plates

Practicals

1. Viscosity determination
2. Hydrostatic forces
3. Buoyancy
4. Streamlines and pathlines visualization
5. Bernoulli's equation verification
6. Jet forces
7. Physical model making