ENCH353
Mass Transfer II
Syllabus
- Liquid-Liquid Extraction (8 hours)
- Equilibria, system of three liquids, effect of temperature on liquid-liquid equilibria, other coordinate system
- Solvent selection, stage-wise contact, insoluble system
- Equipment for liquid-liquid extraction, selection of extractors
- Solid-Liquid Extraction (6 hours)
- Classification of solid-liquid extraction, rate of leaching
- Methods of operation and equipment, equilibrium and its types, methods of representing equilibrium data
- Separation operation, analytical determination of number of stages, supercritical fluid extraction
- Adsorption (9 hours)
- Types of adsorption, nature and characteristics of adsorbents, adsorption equilibria
- Adsorption isotherm and its types, stage-wise operations, continuous adsorption, equipment for adsorption
- Ion exchange and principles
- Chromatography and principles
- Membrane Separation Process (7 hours)
- Desired properties of membrane, membrane material and its types
- Membrane classification, membrane characterization, membrane module
- Transport in membranes, pressure driven membrane process for liquid separation, concentration driven processes
- Membrane for gas separation, industrial examples of membrane based separation
- Drying (7 hours)
- Mechanism of drying, drying equilibria, definitions and terms in drying
- Drying rate curve, calculation of drying time, classification of drying equipment
- Drying calculation, cross circulation drying, through circulation of drying, material and energy balance in continuous dryer, drying time in a continuous countercurrent dryer
- Crystallization (8 hours)
- Types of crystal geometry, solid-liquid phase equilibrium
- Nucleation and crystal growth, batch crystallization
- Design of crystallizer, crystallization equipment (Circulating magma crystallizer, circulating liquor crystallizer, tank crystallizer)
Practicals
- Extraction of benzoic acid from toluene by water in a packed bed extractor
- Extraction of oil from oil seeds
- Adsorption of acetic acid or dye from aqueous solution using activated carbon
- Removal of hardness from water using ion exchange resin
- Determination of critical moisture content and drying characteristics of a solid under forced draft condition
- Separation and purification of organic compounds by crystallization technique