Monitoring and Instrumentation

Syllabus

1. Fundamentals of Measurement Systems (2 hours)
   1. Types of measurement systems
   2. Properties of measurement systems
   3. Methods of measurement
   4. Measurements in experiments
   5. Condition monitoring
2. Digital Signal Processing (10 hours)
   1. Acquisition and properties of digital signals
   2. Signal conditioning
   3. Signal processing techniques
   4. Fourier transform
   5. Discrete Fourier transform
   6. Fast Fourier transform
   7. Inverse Fourier transform
   8. Processing and presentation of data
3. Dynamic Response of Measurement System (4 hours)
   1. Mathematical modelling of systems: zero order, first order and second order systems and their examples
   2. Characteristics and response of zero, first and second order systems
   3. Natural frequency, damping and harmonic response of second order systems
4. Measurement Systems (8 hours)
   1. Sensors and transducers
   2. Force, moment and torque measurement: load cells, strain gauges, multi-axis measurement, torque measurement systems
   3. Flow measurement: flow meter and pitot probes, pressure gauges/sensors, flow visualization (PIV, Schlieren imaging, BOS), hydraulic and pneumatic systems
   4. Thermal measurement: thermometer, thermocouple and optical techniques
   5. Pyrometry and infrared measurements
   6. Distance and speed sensors: ultrasound, radar, and laser sensors
   7. Vibration sensors and accelerometer
5. Condition Monitoring (6 hours)
   1. Concept of structural health monitoring
   2. Sensors for condition monitoring
   3. Processing of condition monitoring data
   4. Fault monitoring and prediction
   5. Vibration monitoring and Campbell diagram
6. Non-Destructive Testing (10 hours)
   1. Fault detection techniques
   2. NDT methods and applications
   3. Ultrasonic non-destructive testing, working principle and applications
   4. Eddy-current testing, working principle and applications
   5. Boroscopy techniques
   6. NDT methods in aviation: NDT levels, certifications and requirements; NDT techniques currently used in Nepali aviation
7. Optical Techniques (5 hours)
   1. Imaging systems
   2. Optical methods for fault monitoring
   3. Digital image processing
   4. Laser-based techniques: types and applications
   5. Synchronizing, processing and correlating data from multiple sources

Practicals

1. Raspberry Pi, and Arduino programming and operation
2. Loadcell calibration and measurement
3. Digital signal processing: FFT and filtering
4. Ultrasonic NDT practice
5. Eddy-current NDT practice

Evaluation

1. Chapters 1, 3 and 7 (11 hours): 10 marks
2. Chapters 2 and 5 (16 hours): 15 marks
3. Chapter 4 (8 hours): 15 marks
4. Chapter 6 (10 hours): 20 marks