Propagation and Antenna

Syllabus

1. Wave Propagation and Antenna Fundamentals
   1. Radiation phenomena in a conductor
   2. Function of antenna
   3. Retarded potentials: EM wave generation and propagation
   4. Radiated electric and magnetic fields in EM wave
   5. Radiation patterns and input impedance of very short dipole, short dipole and long dipoles
   6. Antenna theorems: reciprocity, superposition, Thevenin, maximum power transfer, compensation, equality of directional patterns, equivalence of receiving and transmitting impedances
2. Basic Antenna Parameters and Arrays
   1. Antenna parameters: EIRP, gain, directivity, PFD, receiving power intensity, bandwidths, beam width, polarization
   2. Pattern multiplications
   3. Two dimensional antenna arrays: broadside, end fire, parasitic, collinear arrays
   4. Arrays of two point sources: equal amplitude and same phase, equal amplitude and opposite phase, equal amplitude and quadrature phase, any amplitude and any phase
3. Antenna Classifications
   1. Electromagnetic spectrum
   2. Criteria for antenna design
   3. Isotropic antenna
   4. Omnidirectional antennas
   5. Directional antennas
   6. Travelling and standing wave antennas: long wire antenna, Vee antennas, rhombic antenna
   7. Wired antennas: monopole and dipole antennas, Yagi-Uda antenna, log-periodic antenna, loop antenna, helix antenna
   8. Reflector antennas: small plane sheet and large plane sheet, linear and corner types
   9. Aperture antennas: horn antennas types, parabolic antenna types
   10. Advanced antennas: microstrip antenna and smart antennas
4. Propagation and Radio Frequency Spectrum
   1. Radio frequency spectrum
   2. Ground wave
   3. Ground reflected wave and duct propagation
   4. Space wave
   5. Sky wave and ionospheric layers
   6. Maximum usable frequency (MUF)
   7. Critical frequency and skip distance
5. Propagation between Antennas
   1. Propagation of radio waves
   2. Propagation characteristics of different band of frequencies
   3. MW, SW, VHF, UHF and SHF band characteristics
   4. Propagation models: free space, two-ray and multi-path models
   5. Free space propagation
   6. Fresnel zones and knife edge diffraction
6. Link Budget
   1. Introduction
   2. Friis transmission equation
   3. EIRP and free space loss calculation
   4. Link budget calculations: uplink and downlink calculation