Telecommunication and Computer Networks

Syllabus

1. Introduction (3 hours)
   1. Definition and evolution of telecommunications
   2. Elements of telecommunication
   3. Transmission media and modes
2. Switching and Multiplexing (5 hours)
   1. Switching systems: Manual, mechanical, electromechanical
   2. Analog and digital multiplexing for telecommunications
   3. FDM and TDM hierarchies
   4. Space and time switching (ST, TS, TST, STS)
   5. Signaling: Subscriber, interswitch, audible-visual, supervisory, address
3. Telephone Traffic (4 hours)
   1. Network traffic load and parameters
   2. Loss systems
   3. Delay systems
   4. Routing in telecommunication
   5. Numbering plans and charging plans
4. Network Models (5 hours)
   1. Basics of computer networks
   2. Layered protocols
   3. OSI reference model
   4. TCP/IP protocol suite
   5. Encapsulation and decapsulation
   6. Protocols, standards, and services
   7. Network devices and working layers (Repeater, hub, bridge, switch, router)
5. Physical and Data Link Layer (6 hours)
   1. Multiplexing, switching techniques: Circuit, packet, datagram, virtual circuit
   2. Data encoding techniques: Manchester, NRZI, MLT3, and their uses
   3. Data link layer functions: Framing, error control, flow control, access control
   4. Media access control (MAC) protocols: ALOHA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA
   5. Ethernet standards and wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) basics
6. Network Layer (9 hours)
   1. Network layer functions and services
   2. Logical addressing and its importance
   3. IPv4 addressing and classes, private and public IP addresses, subnetting and supernetting, VLSM, CIDR
   4. Routing and types of routing
   5. Routing algorithms: Distance vector (RIP), link state (OSPF), and BGP
   6. Protocols and header structure: IPv4, ICMP, ARP
   7. Network address translation (NAT)
   8. IPv6 addressing, SLAAC, ICMPv6
   9. IPv6 transition strategies
7. Transport Layer (4 hours)
   1. Transport layer functions and services
   2. Transport protocol: TCP and UDP
   3. TCP state transition diagram
   4. Traffic shaping and congestion control
8. Application Layer (5 hours)
   1. Functions and services of application layer
   2. Upper layer protocols: DHCP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP
   3. Domain name system (DNS), its function, and queries
   4. Network management tools and protocols (SNMP)
   5. Proxy server and its use
   6. VoIP, FoIP, and IP interconnection
9. Advanced Topics (4 hours)
   1. Network security and its importance
   2. Principles of cryptography
   3. Basics of IoT, WSN, and SDN
   4. 5G/6G network fundamentals
   5. Network virtualization
   6. Future trends in networking

Practicals

1. Telecommunication lab illustrating course principles
2. Network simulation using Cisco Packet Tracer or NS2/NS3/Mininet
3. Network commands and their uses
4. IP address configuration and subnetting
5. Router configurations
6. Static routing configurations
7. Dynamic routing configurations
8. VLAN configurations and Inter-VLAN routing
9. Packet analysis using Wireshark
10. Web and DNS server configurations
11. Implementation of client-server models
12. Proxy server configuration